Threshold optimization for weighted voting classifiers

Weighted voting classifiers considered in this paper consist of N units each providing individual classification decisions. The entire system output is based on tallying the weighted votes for each decision and choosing the one which has total support weight exceeding a certain threshold. Each individual unit may abstain from voting. The entire system may also abstain from voting if no decision support weight exceeds the threshold. Existing methods of evaluating the reliability of weighted voting systems can be applied to limited special cases of these systems and impose some restrictions on their parameters. In this paper a universal generating function method is suggested which allows the reliability of weighted voting classifiers to be exactly evaluated without imposing constraints on unit weights. Based on this method, the classifier reliability is determined as a function of a threshold factor, and a procedure is suggested for finding the threshold which minimizes the cost of damage caused by classifier failures (misclassification and abstention may have different price.) Dynamic and static threshold voting rules are considered and compared. A method of analyzing the influence of units' availability on the entire classifier reliability is suggested, and illustrative examples are presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 322–344, 2003.     

现代水雷控制电路中开关器件可靠性分析及其应用

从现代水雷控制电路开关器件的可靠性出发,对有触点和无触点开关器件的特点进行了研究,特别是对功率三极管B772和双线圈自锁继电器DS2Y SL2 DC6V的性能及可靠性进行了深入的对比分析,得到了开关器件选择准则,给水雷开关控制电路设计提供了理论依据.结论是:当控制系统工作时间较长而开、关不是很频繁时,用自锁继电器比用功率三极管更合适.     

Systems composed of two types of nonidentical and dependent components

A coherent system of order n that consists two different types of dependent components is considered. The lifetimes of the components in each group are assumed to follow an exchangeable joint distribution, and the two random vectors, which represent the lifetimes of the components in each group are also assumed to be dependent. Under this particular form of dependence, all components are assumed to be dependent but they are categorized with respect to their reliability functions. Mixture representation is obtained for the survival function of the system's lifetime. Mixture representations are also obtained for the series and parallel systems consisting of disjoint modules such that all components of Type I are involved in one module (subsystem) and all components of Type II are placed in the other module. The theoretical results are illustrated with examples. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 388–394, 2015     

考虑多性能参数的引信弹簧可靠性评估

弹簧作为引信中常用的储能源,是影响引信可靠性的重要零件,而引信失效会形成重大安全隐患。为了准确预估某引信弹簧贮存期间的可靠度变化,提出了一种基于修正Arrhenius模型的多元正态可靠性评估方法。以应力损失率和永久变形率作为性能参数,设计了恒定应力加速退化试验,获取弹簧在120℃、130℃、150℃和160℃下的退化数据,并采用Anderson-Darling统计量验证退化量的最优分布为正态分布。根据修正的Arrhenius方程,得到弹簧在贮存温度下的退化轨迹曲线。基于多元正态分布建立弹簧贮存可靠度模型,分析弹簧贮存期间的可靠度变化特点。通过与其他可靠度模型对比,该模型预估结果更准确,可为引信的视情维修提供依据。     

基于流程仿真的物资接收系统可靠性预计方法

针对船舶物资接收时间计算的问题,新增加了对设备发生故障的考虑,通过引入接收时间可靠性的概念,将其转换为船舶物资接收系统的可靠性预计问题。为了解决上述可靠性预计问题,提出了基于流程仿真的系统可靠性预计方法。分析了物资接收系统的工作流程,依据工作流程实现了仿真程序,用蒙特卡洛法对物资接收系统的可靠性进行了求解,并分析了设备不同的可靠性水平对物资接收系统可靠性的影响。仿真结果表明,增加了对设备故障的考虑后,对物资接收时间的估计更加接近实际;基于流程仿真的系统可靠性预计方法的模型更容易理解,所得结论更加具体。     

基于改进GM(1,1)模型的导弹贮存可靠性预测方法

针对导弹系统技术复杂、贮存样本量受限、测试数据波动性较大等特点,结合装备的具体情况提出了基于改进GM(1,1)模型的导弹贮存可靠性预测方法。该方法首先利用"对数-幂函数变换"对导弹的历史可靠性数据进行处理,提高数据光滑度,然后依据GM(1,1)模型计算得到可靠性预测值和残差,再利用残差建立残差修正模型,得到残差修正值,减少残差对结果的影响,最后利用残差修正值修正可靠性预测值并还原,求得可靠性最终预测值。实例表明,该改进模型对导弹系统可靠性变化的描述比传统模型更加准确有效,预测结果精度更高,为导弹贮存可靠性预测分析提供了一种有效的改进方法,其算法设计推广性强,可作为其他装备寿命预估的重要工具。     

微处理器容软错误设计量化评估指标及评估方法

针对高可靠微处理器软容错设计,提出了一种新的可靠性度量标准,增强的平均无失效工作量,以解决现有度量标准没有综合考虑性能、面积、功耗开销带来的可靠性降低的缺点;提出了一种评估方法对增强的平均无失效工作量以及两种控制流检测技术进行定量评估。评估结果表明,软硬件结合的控制流检测技术较好地折中了可靠性、性能、面积和功耗。量化评估指标全面考虑了多种开销对微处理器可靠性的影响,采用相应的评估方法可以更加准确地对微处理器可靠性加固手段进行定量评估,以指导设计探索和设计优化。     

考虑修理工可变休假的n中取k系统可靠性模型

针对装备保障中维修调度对装备训练及可靠性的影响,将支队级修理所保障多艘舰船维修工作的情况抽象为单一维修台保障多个系统的维修力量调度分配,引入修理工可变休假策略对其进行描述,以装备结构中常见的n中取k系统为研究对象,针对以往研究利用指数分布等典型分布导致模型约束条件过于严格的问题,利用连续Phase-type分布描述了系统相关随机变量,构建系统可靠性解析模型,通过算例验证了模型适用性,模拟分析了修理工有无休假、修理工休假速率等相关因子对系统运行指标产生的各种影响。算例结果表明,该可靠性模型可以有效复现维修力量调度对n中取k系统可靠性的影响,可为修理工休假次数的合理安排、系统部件数量的优化配置提供理论基础和实践参考。     

枪械机构故障可靠性分析方法研究

介绍枪械机构组成、机构动作和作用,利用可靠性故障分析法中常用的FMECA分析法和FTA分析法对枪械机构产生的故障进行定性分析,并通过某典型自动步枪可靠性试验数据进行统计分析,找出枪械机构动作的主要故障,设计出FMECA分析表和FTA故障树．通过以上分析,提出一些对枪械机构的设计要求．     

Inequality‐based reliability estimates for complex systems

Full‐system testing for large‐scale systems is often infeasible or very costly. Thus, when estimating system reliability, it is desirable to use a method that uses subsystem tests, which are often less expensive and more feasible. This article presents a method for bounding full‐system reliabilities based on subsystem tests and, if available, full‐system tests. The method does not require that subsystems be independent. It accounts for dependencies through the use of certain probability inequalities. The inequalities provide the basis for valid reliability calculations while not requiring independent subsystems or full‐system tests. The inequalities allow for test information on pairwise subsystem failure modes to be incorporated, thereby improving the bound on system reliability. We illustrate some of the properties of the estimates via an example application. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013